Pell Grant What You Need to Know

Homeless Citizens Essay - 2073 Words

Homeless citizens are often considered a burden, more over, society’s burden. The down-and-out seem, to the average citizen, to be habitually on drugs, or prone to violent behaviour. Should it not be our responsibility to help those who can not help themselves? That is just it, some of the impoverished are living under such appalling conditions that they can not pick themselves up onto their own strength. I have a few questions that I would like the average person to think about regarding the homeless: Why are they on the streets? What can they do about it? Is this society’s dilemma and should society lend a selfless helping hand to clean up the streets? These are just a few questions that I will attempt to give my opinion on and if one†¦show more content†¦In 2000, 39% of all people living in poverty had incomes of less than nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;half the poverty level. This statistic remains unchanged from the 1999 level. Forty nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;per cent of persons living in poverty are children; in fact, the 2000 poverty rate of nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;16.2% for children is significantly higher than the poverty rate for any other age nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;group. (NCH Fact Sheet) A significant amount of those people are living on the streets. Sometimes a mother will abandon her children in the streets due to the fact that she will either have to pay for her kids or alcohol, and she chooses the latter. The sad reality is that some people are forced to live without a home due violence or abuse in the home. There many reasons for being homeless, but most of them seem to have a correlation between violence and drug abuse. A good amount of the normal people with houses would say that the impoverished did something to get there and that they deserve to be destitute; that may be true to an extent, but what can a homeless person do to get off the streets? To get off the streets, a homeless person can do nothing at all on there own strength. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As mentioned before, the man with the cocaine addiction told me that he did not want to be on cocaine, but he is so deeply addicted that it would be impossible on his own strength to save himself.Show MoreRelatedHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness1379 Words   |  6 Pagesextend to the penniless - it also affects a standard citizen. It can be a result of natural disasters, family death, unemployment, domestic violence, divorce, family affairs, and mental disabilities (homeaid.org). The challenge for America is to reduce the number of those who continue to experience homelessness drastically by rehabilitating the homeless back to normal, ordinary lives. 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To determine what action should be taken regarding the public feeding of the homeless it is important to know what both sides of the issue are. Supporters of the public feeding ban believe that the mass feeding of homeless in pubic is problematic because of health and safety concerns. By creating rules for public feeding such as limiting how closeRead MoreEmpathy Is Defined As, â€Å"The Power Of Understanding And1533 Words   |  7 PagesShua varnnasri, in her article 6 Things I Want You to Know About Being Homeless in America, she writes, â€Å"I think there is a prevalent assumption in our society that homelessness is caused by an individual’s inability to make the right choices in their life† (Jayda Shuavarnnasri). Those assumptions are causing a daze between what is true and what people think about the homeless. While most homeless people do not choose to be homeless, outsiders often prejudge them as alcoholics, drug abusers, and lazyRead MoreNo Look As You Walk Your Routine Route1521 Words   |  7 Pageshalf a million people are homeless. One quarter of homeless people are children.† (â€Å"10 Facts About Homelessness† par. 4). With the growing community of homeless people one-fourth of that is to be composed of homeless children. A person under the age of eighteen years old who have an absence of proper housing vital for a standard person and teens who were abandoned or thrown out are c onsidered homeless children (â€Å"Homeless Facts† par. 13). The children who are considered homeless typically do not haveRead MoreThe Community Action Partnership Of San Luis Obispo County1431 Words   |  6 Pagesall of that area, there are only two active homeless shelters according to the San Luis Obispo Homeless Shelter Directory. 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Another example is a homeless man who bought three houses and had four wives with someRead MoreCase Study : Building A Policy Briefing1699 Words   |  7 PagesPEA Prof. Aaron Watches May 8, 2016 Submitted on April 11, 2016 University of Baltimore- Spring Quarter 2016 What can the Baltimore government/policy makers do about homeless in Baltimore? The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the policy and actions that can be taken to end the homelessness issue. Homeless is a serious multi-faceted issue that requires the involvement of many agencies, policymakers, governments and faith-organizations. Having no home is a miserable experience, causingRead MoreHow Can You Buy You? Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pageswere 564,708 homeless people at any given time in the United States and out of that number about 206,000 were people in families and about 358,000 are individuals. (National Alliance to Homelessness) Do you know how many of those homeless people live in Dallas, Texas?   According to Bradley Blackburn from WFAA, there are about â€Å"3,904 homeless people in Dallas†¦counties†.   When you think about it you realize that is not such a large number, but what if we were to tell you that the homeless populationRead MoreHomeless People : The Homeless1265 Words   |  6 PagesHomeless in Baltimore City is a serious i ssue that must be resolve. There are different types of homeless people: Chronic, transitional and episodic homeless people. However, there are several or multiples reasons for which people become homeless. It could be due to lack of financial incentives or economic reason, immigrants people (students or foreign), a choice of an individual or poverty, housing needs of the lack of low-income housing and other issues such as unemployment, underemployment, domestic

Antecedents of Service Innovation System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Antecedents of Service Innovation System. Answer: Introduction BDO is one of the biggest Australian companies who provide business and advisory services. It is analyzed that there are many services like corporate finance, wealth management and also financial planning that is taken into consideration by the company. The vision statement of the company is to be a leader so that good services can be offered by considering the attributes like communication, value, and requirement of the consumers. Also, the company serves to the government, media, financial services, and automotive industries. BDO was established in the year 1975 and presently company is based in Sydney, Australia. There are more than 72000 employees who are conducting the routine activities of the company. BDO offers services to the customers in more than 160 nations globally (BDO Australia, 2018). In this paper, the organizational structure of the company will be explained by offering effective services to the customers. The organization has a proper organizational structure that will help in conducting the activities of the company. Also, it is analyzed that there are many internal and external forces which are giving impact on the activities of the organization. The company provides accounting and business advisory services to many Australian companies and to the individuals. The company has a systematic organizational structure by which the company can easily manage and conduct the activities in a proper manner. The organizational structure of the company is hierarchical in which the directions are given from top-level management to low-level management. It is seen that in the top management there are CEO and managers who give responsibility to the subordinates so that activities can be conducted. The level of management is divided into many departments like accounting services, advisory services and secretarial services (Christensen, Dhaliwal, Boivie Graffin, 2015). The activities conducted by the company in the advisory sector are effective but it is seen that there are many internal and external forces which are given effect on the overall growth of the company. External factors which are giving impact are political, social, economic and technological factors. It is analyzed that in Australia there are many decisions related to politics which are given by the government. It has given impact on the auditing and accounting companies so that the changes can be made in the activities of the organization. With the change in the government rules and regulations, it is seen that regulations and taxes are also changed (Bleda Shackley, 2008). New legislation and procedure of the government have given effect on the activities of the accounting companies. The situation in Australia related to politics has stability and also it is seen that there are skilled and educated workers. It helps the company to increase the activities of the organization by focu sing on hiring the experienced employees. The economic condition of Australia is good and there are many resources which attract foreign investment from many different nations. The economic factors are related to the unemployment rate and also it is seen that economic conditions give impact on the activities of the company. There are many opportunities available for the company to conduct the activities in a proper manner. It is analyzed that in Australian market the service sector is the biggest contributor so it can be easy for them to conduct the activities and can achieve the overall profitability. It is important for the company to emphasize on the customized planning so that the activities can be managed in a proper manner (Prajogo McDermott, 2014). It can be beneficial for both the customers and for the organization. Social factor also plays a great role to conduct the activities in a smooth way. In the recent scenario, the individuals are becoming aware of the services related to auditing and accounting. The individ uals are contacting the companies like BDO for taking advice related to tax. It is also seen that demand for the BDO has enhanced in the Australian society. Technology also plays a great role in the services related to advisory and accounting. It is seen that for the company, it is essential to ensure that latest technology are taken into consideration so that activities can be conducted smoothly. There are various internal factors which give impact on the growth of the organization. The internal factor of the organization takes into consideration strength and weaknesses. The strength of the company is that there are various services offered to the customers as a top financial consultancy. The company has also recruited the candidates who give advice to the people related to tax and businesses (Porter Kramer, 2019). By focusing on the Australian market it is seen that the company has an opportunity to enhance the overall activities of the company. Weaknesses that are possessed by the company impact on the brand image of the company. The weaknesses of the company are related to weak information technology that effect at the time of managing the information of the people. It is difficult for them to consider and manage technology and accounting software in a proper manner. The company is working to be one of the best advisory firms in the Australian market. Also, it is difficul t just because of the high fees and expertise. The company also has a less visibility of the brand in the Australian market if a comparison is made with the competitors (Rosemann vom Brocke, 2015). By achieving benefits and opportunities, the company has to face many risks at the time of conducting business in Australia. It is seen that one of the biggest risks is related to the overall fluctuation in the economic system. It is also giving impact on the decisions related to investment and transaction of the company. Next risk is also related to the cybersecurity as there are problems of cyber-attacks that is enhancing in the market (Lam, 2014). The company has the information of the customers and also the bank details. It is seen that with the increase in the number of hackers the chance of theft also enhances. Also, the organization is facing the operational risk which impacts the effectiveness of the organization. To reduce the risks and also to enhance the performance of the organization, the company should take into consideration important decisions so that the activities can be conducted. The human resource also plays an important to complete the activities of the company in an effective manner. It is important for the company to execute the employee engagement strategy so that motivation level can be enhanced by the employees towards the activities that are assigned (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). It should also consider middle and low-level employees in the process of decision making so that they can be motivated and conduct the activities with efficiency. This is the best way in which the company can easily enhance the performance of the employees. The company should also emphasize on the training program for its IT department so that they can increase its activities and technology. It will help to increase the knowledge of the employees and direct impact on the activities that are conducted in the organization (Marchington, Wilkinson, Donnelly Kynighou, 2016). It is seen that by taking into consideration above practices the organization can easily enhance the performance and growth. If functions are maintained than it can be easy to attain business strategy in an effective manner (Erasmus, Strydom, Rudansky-Kloppers, 2016). The overall functions of the company are marketing, finance and human resource activities. Human resource plays an important role at the time of conducting the activities of the organization (Bratton Gold, 2017). The roles are assigned to the employees of all levels. The contact is made with the clients so that needs and wants can be analyzed. They offer the customers by offering services in a proper manner. Marketing is also one of the important functions of marketing. There is a lack of brand presence in the market so marketing can help the company in attaining the overall strategy in a proper manner. The company can also promote the services through proper marketing. The company can also understand the requirements of the customers by considering the marketing strategies. Finance function can help the company in offering funds so that objectives can be achieved by focusing on proper strategies. In this way, it is seen that all the functions can enhance the performance of the company. It can also be simple for the company to conduct the activities in a right direction (Wheelen, Hunger, Hoffman Bamford, 2017). Conclusion By analyzing the above essay, it can be concluded that the company is one of the largest companies in the Australian advisory industry. By considering systematic organizational structure the company is conducting the activities in a smooth manner. There are also many external and internal factors that are considered so that growth can be achieved by the company. The company is also facing risk related to cyber security that affects the practices of the business. So the company should focus on offering effective services so that goals and objectives can be accomplished. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. BDO Australia. (2018). BDO Australia | Audit | Tax | Advisory - BDO Australia. Retrieved from https://www.bdo.com.au/en-au/home. Bleda, M., Shackley, S. (2008). The dynamics of belief in climate change and its risks in business organisations.Ecological Economics,66(2-3), 517-532. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2017).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave. Christensen, D. M., Dhaliwal, D. S., Boivie, S., Graffin, S. D. (2015). Top management conservatism and corporate risk strategies: Evidence from managers' personal political orientation and corporate tax avoidance.Strategic Management Journal,36(12), 1918-1938. Erasmus, B., Strydom, J. W., Rudansky-Kloppers, S. (Eds.). (2016).Introduction to business management. Southern Africa: Oxford University Press. Lam, J. (2014).Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. USA: John Wiley Sons. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., Kynighou, A. (2016).Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Porter, M. E., Kramer, M. R. (2019). Creating shared value. InManaging Sustainable Business(pp. 327-350). Springer, Dordrecht. Prajogo, D., McDermott, C. M. (2014). Antecedents of service innovation in SMEs: Comparing the effects of external and internal factors.Journal of Small Business Management,52(3), 521-540. Rosemann, M., vom Brocke, J. (2015). The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D., Hoffman, A. N., Bamford, C. E. (2017).Strategic management and business policy. UK: Pearson.

Term Limits Essays - James Madison, United States Constitution

Term Limits Whether or not Congress should have term limits has been a long debated question that is proposed as an amendment to the qualifications clause of the Constitution. There are excellent arguments on either side of the issue; unconstitutionality versus limiting power and diversity versus seniority are just a few. First are the arguments that term limits are democratic. The advocates of this point of view believe that creating term limits would not only add diversity to Congress, but also provide Congress members that are more accountable and not as isolated from their constituents. On the other hand, the arguments against term limits are equally notable. Those opposed to term limits believe that ?[they] are antidemocratic, restricting people's electoral choices,? and that they would not make the Congress members more accountable, but, instead, ?shift the focus of members of Congress even more in the direction of local and immediate concerns.? There are good and bad points to both sides of the argument. For instance, opposers of the term limits say it's unconstitutional, but we do have term limits on the presidency. Also, advocates want to Congress members from staying in a long time. However, most don't stay in over twelve years anyway and if the current members in seniority all leave who will be able to lead with enough wisdom and discernment? Either way you go someone's not going to be happy. If only we could be unhappy and right, though. Current Events

Abraham Lincoln and Equal Rights essays

Abraham Lincoln and Equal Rights essays With America struggling in a state of Civil War, the nation's very core was being shaken. Abraham Lincoln, who was president during this period, realized this, and delivered one of his most historically renowned speeches, "The Gettysburg Address". This speech addresses many concerns for the nation as a whole. Through "The Gettysburg Address", Lincoln clearly states his views on what the country once was, how it was during the time he was in, and what his hopes and dreams for the future were. When the United States was founded, it was founded on a very famous principle, that all men are created equal. Lincoln realized this and stated that this nation was dedicated to the proposition that all men were created equal. Our nation founded itself on this simple thought because its people were tired of the tyranny and oppression caused by rule under Great Britain. The early Americans wanted many things, from their own laws to religious freedoms, but most of all they wanted to be considered equals in the eyes of man. These are only a few of the reasons the Revolutionary War was fought with Great Britain. After the war was over the American people knew what it felt like to finally be free. While they still remained free, Americans began to treat other races and cultures as the British had treated them. The irony found here in American history is that the country gained their freedom and equality from Britain, and was now fighting the same war against them. They let the same issues divide the country into two separate nations with a bitter hatred for one another. Perhaps the greatest irony is the fact that the southern states now wanted to be free, and separate from the northern states. Now the nation was found in a brutal state of war, which would eventually determine the course of American history (Neely,56). Abraham Lincoln, striving only for the peoples equal rights, described best what impact ...

Good manufacturing practice guidelines Essays

Good manufacturing practice guidelines Essays Good manufacturing practice guidelines Essay Good manufacturing practice guidelines Essay ( two ) Attachment to assorted criterions -Good Manufacturing Practice ( GMP ) , e.g. the 5P’s ( Premise, Primary stuffs, Personnel/People, Procedure, and Process, define and record ) -Standard runing processs ( SOP ) : -Regulatory facets ( three ) Quality control ( QC ) and quality confidence ( QA ) of tablets ( four ) Problems occurred during industry of tablets, and solutions ( if any ) ( V ) Other treatments ( e.g. certification, audit, R A ; D, if applicable ) In Malaysia, one of the requirement for using a fabrication licence and merchandise enrollment is the conformity to the Good Manufacturing Practice1. The makers of the registered pharmaceutical/traditional merchandises should adhere to the guideline stated in Good Manufacturing Practice ( GMP ) to guarantee that the merchandise manufactured is safe, efficacious and up-to stated quality. The Good Manufacturing Practice ( GMP ) reviews of makers of registered merchandises are done by Centre for Compliance and Licensing ( CCL ) to guarantee makers conformity towards the current GMP demands. However, WHO has formulated GMP as a general guideline with rules for states to adhere with2. Some regional demands, such as Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention ( PIC ) , Association of South-East Asia Nations ( ASEAN ) - GMP and European Economic Community ( EEC ) are applied. The first component to be discussed in GMP is Personnel. The pilot works has equal figure of forces with the necessary makings and practical experience3. Organisation chart with specific responsibilities recorded in written occupation descriptions have to be provided, although in this instance seems to be non available. In footings of preparation wise, preparation is provided to the forces whose responsibilities require them to be in the production country or the research labs. If in any instance, such as untrained forces or visitants should be given briefing about personal hygiene and set in protective vesture in progress before come ining the production room. Other than that, they should be closely supervised every bit good. Protective garments appropriate to the operations are worn by every individual come ining the fabrication country. Prohibition on feeding, imbibing, masticating or smoke is purely adhered. In specific, direct contact should be avoided between the operator s cus todies and the open merchandise every bit good as with any portion of the equipment that comes into contact with the merchandises. Hence, gloves must be worn at all times. The 2nd component included is the Premises and Equipment. Generally speech production, premises and equipment must be located, designed, constructed, adapted and maintained to accommodate the operations to be carried out3. Attempts to understate the hazard of mistakes and license effectual cleansing and care in order to cut down cross-contamination, accretion of dust or soil must be shown through the layout and design of the production works. Repair and care operations should non endanger the quality of merchandises and must be disinfected harmonizing to detailed written processs. The premiss is organised to let the production countries connected in a logical order matching to the sequence of the operations. The interior surfaces, such as walls, floors and ceilings are smooth and free from clefts. The floor trim is curved, to let easy and effectual cleansing. The production country is good ventilated, with air control installations such as HEPA filters to avoid dusting and cut down e ntrance of dust from external infinites. The deliberation of get downing stuffs is carried out in a separate deliberation room designed for that usage, as stated in the GMP guideline. Excess stairss are taken to avoid cross-contamination in state of affairs where dust is generated, such as in production of tablets, by holding separated closed suites. The packaging of medicative merchandises, in this instance, the tablets, are specifically designed and laid out to avoid confusions. In-process controls are carried out in the production country every bit long as they do non transport any hazard for the production. The pulverizations are observed during granulation procedure. In this pilot works, the storage country is in sufficient capacity to let storage of assorted classs of stuffs and merchandises in orderly mode. Receiving bay ( same country as material room ) protect stuffs from the conditions. It is besides equipped with vacuity cleaning public-service corporation to let containe rs of incoming stuffs to be cleaned before storage. It is of import to take note that within the pilot works no washroom is available. As stated in the Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme ( PIC/S ) GMP Guide, point 3.31 – lavatories should non straight communicate with production or storage countries, hence, this pilot works complied with the guideline prescribed. Manufacturing equipment should be designed in a manner that eases the cleansing procedure. It should be cleaned harmonizing to detailed and written processs. The installing of equipment should prioritise to cut down the hazard of mistake or of taint. This is the ground most equipment is located following to each other, in a closed country, and contained in the equipment during the transportation. Equipment should be calibrated and checked at defined intervals by appropriate methods. Adequate records of such trials are recorded besides. The 3rd component is the Documentation. There is a figure of needed GMP certification, for illustration Site Master File, Specifications that describe the demands with which the merchandises or stuffs used or obtained have to conform, Manufacturing Formulae, Processing, Packaging and Testing Instructions, Procedures, Protocols and etc3. In the site, Standard Operating Procedures ( SOPs ) are provided in each processing room, depicting the operating stairss for equipment. Specifications for get downing, packaging, intermediate and bulk merchandises are available for critical stairss. In elaborate, the specifications should include the designated name, Paracetamol in this instance, mention to any pharmacopoeial monograph, approved providers of the stuff, waies for trying and proving, qualitative and quantitative demands with credence bounds, storage conditions and safeguards and in conclusion, the maximal period of storage before re-examination. The Forth facet in this treatment is Production. Defined processs for production operations must be followed as following with the GMP is necessary to obtain merchandises of needed quality. Other than managing stuffs in right mode, different merchandises must non be carried out at the same time in the same room3. Coevals of dust must be prevented, in this instance, for illustration, by holding dusting bags in the fluidized bed drier. In order to forestall cross-contamination in term of production, appropriate proficient or organizational steps are taken. Air-locks are installed and closed system of production is used. Lone stuffs that are validated with recorded consequences are used. The 5th component is the Quality Control. Quality control comprises trying, specifications and testing of the merchandises. It is of import to stress that Quality Control is independent from Production. Quality Control besides requires the necessary and relevant trials are being carried out3. Several testing is conducted in conformity to USP specifications, such as weight fluctuation, hardness, crumbliness, disintegration and etc. Other than the trials mentioned, the proper certification and release processs which maps to account that the trials are being carried out, quality control besides comprise of all determinations which may impact the quality of the merchandise. However, it is of import for to take note that for a complete finished merchandise appraisal, all the relevant factors have to be taken into history, such as production conditions, consequences of in-process testing, a reappraisal of fabricating certification, conformity with Finished Product Specification and scrutin y of the concluding finished battalion. All relevant certification should be made available to the Quality Control for measuring the quality of the merchandise. A batch record has to be kept at least a twelvemonth after the termination day of the month of the batch. The method of trying should adhere to O.K. written processs such as equipment to be used and the sum of sample to be taken, type and status of sample container and storage conditions. Mention samples from each batch should be retained until one twelvemonth after the termination day of the month and the sample size should be sufficient to let at least a full re-examination. The cogency of proving methods should be confirmed and harmonizing to approved methods. Consistency of consequences should be checked. The readying of research lab reagents, glasswork, solutions, mention criterions and civilization media should be harmonizing to written processs. Marketed merchandise should be monitored for its stableness. National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, Ministry of Health Malaysia. Good Fabrication Practice/Good Distribution [ Online ] . 2013 May 14 [ cited 2015 Feb 5 ] ; Available from:Uniform resource locator:hypertext transfer protocol: //portal.bpfk.gov.my/index.cfm? A ; menuid=146 A ; parentid=113 Jaya Bir Karmacharya. Good Fabrication Practices ( GMP ) for Medicinal Products [ Online ] 2012 May 23 [ cited 2015 Feb 5 ] ; Available from:Uniform resource locator:hypertext transfer protocol: //cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/37170.pdf Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-Operation Scheme. Guide To Good Manufacturing Practice For Medicinal Products Part I [ On-line ] . 2014 Mar 1 [ cited 2015 Feb 5 ] ; Available from:Uniform resource locator:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.picscheme.org/publication.php? download A ; file=cGUtMDA5LTExLWdtcC1ndWlkZS1wYXJ0LWktYmFzaWMtcmVxdWlyZW1lbnRzLWZvci1tZWRpY2luYWwtcHJvZHVjdHMtY29weTEucGRm

The influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Taiwanese Dissertation

The influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Taiwanese Consumers' Purchase Intention and Brand Image in the Diamo - Dissertation Example They also reported that compared to 2010, the global diamond sales significantly increased by 18% to $71 billion, close to the 2007 peak of $73 billion before the crisis. IDEX (2013) and Tacy LTD (2013) indicated that the majority of growth contributed to the mounting demand from Chinese and Indian markets. De Beers, which is reviewed in this proposal as an example of the world’s leading diamond companies for more than a century, reached their second highest level of sales ever to $6.5 billion in 2011. In the 1990s an issue of â€Å"conflict diamonds† or â€Å"blood diamonds† was heatedly debated across the globe. The diamond industry encountered the crisis from their diamond sourced countries. In several politically unstable African countries, such as Angola, Sierra Leone, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the diamond mines were under control of the military as a means to finance their military power. With the media‘s widespread coverage and t he movie â€Å"Blood Diamond†, the transactions between diamond buyers and the military, although not all from such illegal channels, were regarded as intensifying violent tribal conflict. Consequently, the reputation of the diamond industry was blackened (The Kimberly Process, 2013; Pauwelyn, 2003; Worldbank.org, 2013). In response to this situation, the Kimberley Process was organized in 2002. Under the auspices of the United Nations, The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) conducted a list of rules that every diamond trading country should obey: certification of rough diamonds is now required before being exported (Pauwelyn, 2003; Schefer, 2005). This is to "guarantee that their trade does not finance rebel activities" (The Kimberly Process, 2013). To establish a positive prestige from the infamous â€Å"blood diamond† image, and to ensure that De Beers’ â€Å"corporate activities contribute significantly to the development and prosperity of the co untries and communities in which they operate† (De Beers Group, 2013), their CSR principles has developed across five sustainability factors – Economics, Ethics, Employees, Communities and Environment, as all well as obeying the KPCS trading system (ibid). The case of De Beers will be explored, because it is a company which has executed its CSR policy since 2006, which provides luxury industry marketers a possible framework for strategic thinking and the effective use of CSR activities. There has been an upward research trend on how a company’s corporate social responsibility policy benefits consumer communication for several decades (Maignan, 2001). Meanwhile, this academic stream has invigorated the potential marketing development of corporate responsibility initiatives, such as the issue of corporate sustainability, environmentalism and corporate citizenship, among the real business world (Menon & Menon, 1997; Drumwright, 1994; Wigley, 2008; Lee, 2009;). Howev er, most of previous research discussed on CSR is more in the context of sustainability management or shareholder theory, rather than consumer aspects of understanding of this notion. Reinforcing this, Sen and

Management Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Case Study - Essay Example by â€Å"jobs low in specialization (with a broad variety of tasks and responsibilities), no clear chain of command (team based approach), and a wide span of control, and are highly decentralized with a low level of formalization.† These two organizational configurations as stated previously lie on polar extremes and there is a huge possibility that other organizational structures exist which are in between these two extremes. Mason Electric Service Company will be evaluated to determine its organizational configuration depending on the six elements of organizational namely work specialization, chain of command, centralization, span of control, formalization, and departmentation. To simplify the discussion of these elements and their application to the company, a table which summarizes the evaluation is presented below. This will be supported by a more detailed discussion to elaborate the evaluation. In terms of division of labor, Mason Electric follows a mechanistic structure as tasks are simple, specific and repetitive. As discussed in the case, the top management became so overwhelmed with the employee turnover which often result to hiring persons who are not familiar with the previous’ employees job description. To answer this dilemma, the management sought to establish â€Å"Standard Practice Instructions† which are specific job functions for the employees. The case also highlighted that the employees’ role in the organization is rigid as specific task directives flow downward to the organization. The utilization of this standard procedure also signifies a high level of formalization within the company. Adherence to the chain of command is strict as each employee reports and is evaluated by his immediate superior. The strict adherence to the chain of command is also shown by the specific guidelines received by the employees from their supervisors. It is apparent that employees are not empowered but are being directed and subjected to the company’s

Future Worlds Essay Example for Free

Future Worlds Essay I think future worlds will change earth entirely; there will probably be teleports and other, various new machinery that could revolutionize the way humans live and survive. Working may be a thing of the past if Robots start taking shape. Various kind of medical advancements might change how long we can live for; eternity might be possible in years down the track, that would make earth very crowded and we humans possibly would have to move planet and inhabit another land and environment, this could also make us evolve and we might need skills like wings or gills to help us survive the new living conditions. Other forms of life might be on other planets and cross breeding between ‘alien’ and ‘human’ might have an effect on the physical and mental changes of humans. If life down the track ends up like how it is stereotyped, then hover cars and flying cars might be the way we transport. Food might also be different, due to the fact that we are killing off animals as a source of meat. Plant life might also die off due to those same reasons. Another possible outcome in the future is the ice caps could melt, causing humans to become water bound, this could either wipe us out, or we could maybe adapt to these changes and change the way we can survive the new prominent element. War could also be another way the world is changed, as much is it is a horrible thing, it could help out thinning the numbers of humans populating earth. War could also make people in general poorer, which might stop the rapid growth in technology. After a war, lots of jobs would become available to repair, make or farm new things to help things improve and to regenerate growth in the world. The downside to wars is, smaller countries could be over run, many people die, families lose loved ones and people are forced to live with such vivid memories while fighting. The way the world is, really does depend on how us humans can maintain earth’s natural resources and how much the technological advancements can improves or hinder the way the world develops. Technological advancement to nuclear warfare could put an end to the world all together, Australia alone has 23% of the world nuclear power, if sold to the wrong people, the world could be gone or heavy mutation could occur, changing life form. A future world, at the moment is really just your imagination, there is very little knowledge of what the world will do, is there really a god? Will there be an Ice age? No one can really know for sure just yet, it is all an assumption and what you think in your own head.

United Nations Childrens Fund :: essays research papers

Introduction (United Nations Children's Fund [UNICF], n.d.)The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is a leading advocate for women and children rights. Founded in 1946 and active in 157 countries and territories around the world. The UNICEF has committed it resources to achieve results for children in five major areas: Rights to an education Best possible start in life Safeguard against disease, provide immunizations Stop spread of AIDS/HIV and care for those already infected Protection from violence, exploitation, abuse and discrimination UNICEF’s mission is to remain focus on these five priorities all over the world in all circumstances including conflicts, war, natural disasters, emergencies and also in times of peace. In order to accomplish their mission UNICEF’s management must take into account ethics in planning and the factors of strategy, tactics, operations and contingency which influence each plan in management. Strategy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management at The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) must have a strategic plan which serves as the framework to build â€Å"A World Fit for Children.†(UNICEF [UNICEF], 1998) To plan strategically management must take into account UNCEF vision and mission and there strengths, weakness and threats to accomplish their goals.(World Health Organization [WHO], 2003, 1) An example of this is UNICEF working with all those who share their commitment to the rights of every child. Organizations such as World Health Organization (WHO) who have been working with UNICEF on a strategy to fight vaccine-preventable diseases called The Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS) goal is to fight vaccine-preventable diseases, which kill more than two million people every year, two thirds of those killed are children. WHO and UNICEF will assist governments in designing, financing and implementing national immunization programs while also taking into account et hics involving culture and religious beliefs of those who do not believe in immunizations. Tactical The tactical plan of United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) management must describe how the organizations goals will be met and by when. It must also entail plans to help assure ethical business practices throughout UNICEF. The success of these goals will depend on the quality of there programs, information, communication, advocacy and the excellence of their internal management and operations. UNICEF management must hold them selves accountable to do all that they can for the success of their goals by planning, monitoring, evaluating, and reporting to achieve the results in the five major areas to change the world to serve the best interest of the child. Operational Operational planning in Management at the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is setting out clearly the implementation of the strategic plan against specific objectives.

Discuss the Role of Endogenous Pacemakers

Discuss the role of endogenous pacemakers in the control of circadian rhythms [AO1 8 marks, AO2 16 marks] An endogenous pacemaker is an internal biological clock that controls the way in which many of our biological rhythms behave. Many of these rhythms run on a 24 hour basis, such as the sleep/wake cycle, bodily temperatures and some of our hormones. The main endogenous pacemaker in mammals is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is located in the hypothalamus. It receives information about lights from the eye through the optic nerve.This happens even when our eyes are shut, due to them being so thin, meaning that if our endogenous clocks are slow (e. g. because the sun rises earlier than the day before) morning light automatically shifts the clock ahead, putting the rhythm back in sync with the day. At night, when there is no light, the SCN then sends a message to the pineal gland, causing it to increase the production of melatonin, which induces sleep by preventing the brains mechanism to promote wakefulness.An example of the way endogenous pacemakers control our circadian rhythms is a case study on Michael Siffre. Siffre willingly spent a long period of time under ground, to find out what happens to the sleep/wake cycle when the biological rhythm is allowed to run freely without external cues. His findings showed that the free running cycle settled down to a regular rhythm which is little over 24 hours. This study shows that the circadian rhythm persists without the cues of natural light, which demonstrates the existence of an endogenous clock.However the study also shows that external cues are also important to the sleep/wake cycle, because the clock was not perfectly accurate, meaning that without the cues of natural light, it would become out of sync with day and night. This study was supported by Aschoff and Wever (1985) who placed participants in an underground bunker without any external cues , and found that many participants displayed circadian rhythms of between 24 and 25 hours. However some of the circadian rhythms of those in the bunker were as long as 29 hours, showing that individual differences can effect the results meaning this study and the case study of MichaelSiffre cannot be generalised to the wider population. Miles et al’s (1977) study of a man that had been blind since birth showed that the man had a circadian cycle of 24. 9 hours. The blind man was exposed to different exogenous zeitgebers such as clocks and social cues, but they found that none of these factors reduced his biological clock to 24 hours, and he had to take stimulants in the morning and sedatives at certain times at night to reduce his biological rhythm in time with the rest of the world.This research supports the idea that the sleep/wake cycle isa circadian rhythm controlled by an endogenous pacemaker as it did not adjust when influenced with any natural exogenous zeitgebers, and was only effected when certain drugs were used to chang e it. However this study can be criticized as it is only a case study of one man, meaning it lacks population validity and cannot be generalised to the wider population. Morgan et al (1995) also provided evidence for the effect of endogenous pacemakers of the circadian rhythms by breeding ‘mutant’ hamsters that had circadian rhythms of 20 hours instead of 24.He then cut the SCN’s out of the mutant hamsters and transplanted them into normal hamsters. The normal hamsters the began to display the 20 hour circadian rhythm of the mutant hamster. This proves that endogenous pacemakers play a large role in circadian rhythms, as it showed that the sleep cycle in the hamsters depended on biological factors from with in the brain. However this research may raise some ethical issues as it can be seen to breach the terms of animal cruelty, as it may cause the hamsters to become psychologically unhealthy.Also the research can be criticized as it only shows the effect of the S CN on hamsters sleeping cycles and cannot be generalised to humans as hamsters have much smaller brains and are also nocturnal animals meaning that light does not effect their circadian rhythms, the same way it does ours. In conclusion, I think that endogenous pacemakers do play a very large role in helping to maintain our circadian rhythms, however this is also with the help of various exogenous zeitgebers which help keep the rhythms precise.

Jacksonian Democrats Essay

Jacksonian Democrats are often viewed as prompting political democracy, equal opportunity, and personal liberty. Based on your knowledge of the 1820s, to what extent do you agree with this view? When Jackson took office in 1829 he led, with pride, a new band of politicians. These politicians, the Jacksonian Democrats, had not been born into aristocracy, but instead, had worked and earned their own positions. Jacksonian Democrats are often viewed as prompting political democracy, equal opportunity, and personal liberty, while in fact, these seeds had already been planted in Americans, and the Jacksonian Democrats had only just come to power when they were in full bloom. These ideas actually originated during the 1820s as new states emerged and new state constitutions were written, thus expanding suffrage, opportunity, and hope. Between 1816 and 1821 six new states had been added to the union, five of which were to the west. In order for these new states to be able to distinguish themselves they needed people to populate them, therefore increasing their value. In order to encourage this necessary migration the new states wove new privileges into their constitutions, expanding suffrage and opportunities for the common white man. In these new constitutions there were no limits of property owning upon voting. Eastern states were then pressured to follow suit. They needed their residents to stay as much as the new states needed them to leave. Gradually they changed to allow for the same freedoms as the West, and most white men were given suffrage. Trodding hand in hand with suffrage was the right to hold office. Prior to 1820 only rich aristocrats, owning a considerable amount of land, were permitted to do so. Again, the new states introduced a new concept, this time that every voter has the ability to run for a political office. The older states were forced to debate these new issues and some were reluctant to change. In Massachusetts’ constitutional convention of 1820, Daniel Webster opposed the idea of lifting property requirements. The result of the convention was that all voters were made taxpayers and were allowed to hold office except for that of governor. That position still required considerable land owning. With these new privileges, there was a lot more  that the common white male could work towards, giving him new inspiration and confidence. As people slowly began taking advantage of their new privileges their views and ideas were compiled with the more traditional. In New York, two parties emerged when Martin Van Buren went against the governor and led a small faction to write a new constitution. Though they were suppressed, their point got across and a new message came from their struggle. It was realized that parties were not the evil establishments they had originally thought them to be. Parties would enable the government to become more democratic. Politicians, with the competition of opposing parties, would be always mindful of the wishes of the people. They would keep each other checked, just as the branches of federal government did. Jackson did not create these new forms of democracy. They had been set into motion ten years before he ran for office. He was credited with their effects, though, because it was not until the 1830s that these ideas really caught on and expanded. Though the bulk of the movements occurred while Jackson was president, he did very little to encourage them, because they needed little encouragement. The Americans, in their never-ending quest for freedom and democracy had stumbled upon these expansions all on their own. This had been the pattern prior to, and would prove to be the pattern henceforth of American society.

Describe the ways in which play is said to promote children’s development The WritePass Journal

Describe the ways in which play is said to promote children’s development Introduction Describe the ways in which play is said to promote children’s development IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction Play is an integral part of child development throughout the early years of every child’s life. This is because it permits children to practice their imagination while developing their mind, agility, bodily, cognitive, and expressive strength. Play is important to on-going healthy brain development. Children are known to use play at the early stages of life to interact and make sense of the world around them.  As they master their world, play assists children progress onto innovative abilities that lead to enriched self-confidence and the resiliency they will need to deal with challenges they may come across in the future.2 Above all, many believe that play is a simple yet effective enjoyment that is cherished as part of being a child. There are two categories of play that have been identified; Undirected play which is when children are allowed to play on their own, and directed play which is stimulated play through adult supervision or help.  Undirected play lets children learn how to work in groups, to share, to negotiate by building their communication skills, to resolve encounters, and to learn self-advocacy skills.3,4 When play is allowed to be child driven, children practice decision-making skills, move at their own pace, discover their own areas of interest, and finally participate completely in the desires they wish to follow.3,4  Rather, much of play encompasses adults, but when play is organised by adults, children comply to adult instructions and apprehensions and lose some of the advantages play offers them, particularly in developing creativity, leadership, and group skills.5  In contrast to submissive amusement, play shapes active, fit physiques. In fact, it has been proposed that inspiring unstructured play may be an excellent way to increase physical activity levels in children, which is one vital approach in the resolution of the obesity epidemic.6,7 Furthermore, the act of playing is fundamental to the academic setting. It safeguards that the school setting attends to the social and emotional growth of children as well as their cognitive development. It has been shown to help children adjust to the school setting and even to enhance children’s learning readiness, learning behaviours, and problem-solving skills.8  Social-emotional familiarity is best combined with school learning; it is worrying if some of the forces that enhance children’s ability to learn are elevated at the expense of others. Play and unscheduled time that allow for peer interactions are imperative constituents of social-emotional development. There are particular attributes that are developed in children through the activity of play which is why it is so highly regarded in the early years of the academic syllabus. The well-known psychologist, Piaget, identified play and imitation as an integral part of learning and development and outlined the benefits a child got from playing. He said play was used as a vehicle for overcoming egocentrism. This refers to the pre-school child’s inability to grasp another’s point of view by empathising. By socialising through play and social interaction, other individuals needs can become a focus for the child and therefore develop their cognition further from their own needs. Secondly, he has mentioned that it can be used as a means of accommodating and assimilating reality. Accommodating is when the child takes material into their cognition from the environment, which may mean changing the evidence of their senses to make it fit. Thus accommodating is a result of assimilatio n for the child as they ‘accommodate’ their senses through play to make them fit. Piaget had come up with the notion that play is almost pure assimilation without the need to acquaint one’s self with external realism. For example a child who plays airplane with a rectangular block is usually unconcerned about the requirement of certain essential design to overcome gravity or to make use of air pressure. The child is merely assimilating the wooden block into existing schemata of airplanes. The opposite of this almost pure assimilation is imitation, or the childs serious attempt to accommodate to outer reality. For example if an ambulance arrives outside the school due to a child falling over. A couple of days after the incident the children were playing in the playground. A child acts this out and has an accident. The children took the roles of the paramedics and the people caught in the injured child. As they play this situation through, they were making a serious attempt to accommodate the reality which they had seen and heard about. Assimilation and accommodation are both included in the interaction which unites the individual child to the environment and the childs reality. The give and take in play and imitation is one way that the child learns about the childs world. Piaget’s theory on play goes on to develop these terms further by theorising that in both play and deferred imitation, the child is learning about symbols, or he is learning that one thing can stand for something else. A child puts on a hat and becomes a police man or a cowboy. The hat is the symbol for the role. Play itself is a symbolic representation of the childs own inner world. Last but not least Piaget supports his developmental stages through play. His preoperational stage which is when the child uses its senses to discover the world is achieved through the act of playing. The child learns through first-hand experiences by touching, tasting, smelling and later through actual hands on experiences with material, equipment and ideas. Play provides the child with real experiences to try out and develop cognition and physicality. As shown above through much research and Piaget’s own research and theories, that play is a much needed part of children’s development and growing up. They are able to discover all sorts of ideas, objects, concepts and experiences through the act of playing. Playing in conclusion will always be regarded as a vital concept of life as it is taken seriously in academic situations as well as in the homes with the child’s parents. References 1, Shonkoff JP, Phillips DA, eds.  From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2000 2, Erickson RJ. Play contributes to the full emotional development of the child.  Education.1985;105  :26 3, Pellegrini AD, Smith PK. The development of play during childhood: forms and possible functions.  Child Psychol Psychiatry Rev.1998;3  :51– 57 4,   McElwain EL, Volling BL. Preschool children’s interactions with friends and older siblings: relationship specificity and joint contributions to problem behaviors.  J Fam Psychol.2005;19  :486– 496 5, MacDonald KB.  Parent-Child Play: Descriptions and Implications.Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; 1993 6, Burdette HL, Whitaker RC. Resurrecting free play in young children: looking beyond fitness and fatness to attention, affiliation, and affect.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.2005;159  :46– 50 7, American Academy of Pediatrics, Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness and Council on School Health. Active healthy living: prevention of childhood obesity through increased physical activity.Pediatrics.2006:117  :1834– 1842 8, Coolahan K, Fantuzzo J, Mendez J, McDermott P. Preschool peer interactions and readiness to learn: relationships between classroom peer play and learning behaviors and conduct.  J Educ Psychol.2000;92  :458– 465 http://departments.weber.edu/chfam/4990a/Theoryplay.html Accessed 08/08/12

Density Lab Report Essay Example

Density Lab Report Essay Example Density Lab Report Paper Density Lab Report Paper Density is defined by its mass per unit volume, and is most often written in mathematical terms as; Mass is usually given in grams, g, and volume is given in cubic centimeters, g/ com, or, grams per millimeter, g/ml_ Density is not a property that depends upon the amount of substance present. For example, one gram of lead and one ton of lead have the same density. Density also does depend on temperature. For instance cold water is denser than warm water; ice is less dense than both. The method used for determining the density Of a substance depends on the nature f the substance. In this lab the densities of unknown irregularly shaped solids and liquids was determined. Accuracy and precision of the results will be estimated, and attention Will be paid to the correct use of the significant figures. The experiment approach that will be used will tell the mass and volume of the metal and liquid determined by measuring these two quantities with a graduated cylinder and Beirut. Procedure: a) The density of metals First obtained a quantity to unknown metal. Recording the unknown number, I used only one type of metal for this part of the experiment. The unknown metal that was instructed to use was a chunk, therefore, used a Some graduated cylinder, When using the Scam cylinder, I filled it with water to approximately the ml mark. Then recorded the exact volume of water that was added. Placed the cylinder and water on the balance and recorded the mass to every 0. Lag. Added the metal to the graduated cylinder until the water level increased by approximately 2_Mom_ Being sure to tap the sides of the cylinder to release any air bubbles. I then recorded the volume of the water plus teal to the nearest 0. ml Then recorded the total mass of the cylinder, water and metal. Added more pieces of metal to the cylinder until the water level had increased by 2. Mi. Then recorded the exact volume Of water plus metal and total mass of cylinder, water and metal. Repeated the procedure twice more. Being careful not to go over the Mimi mark. And recording the data each time. Calculations: determined the total volume of metal in the cylinder by su btracting the volume of water from the volume of water plus metal. Then found the corresponding ass of metal by subtracting the mass of the cylinder and water from the mass of the cylinder, water and metal, I plotted out the graph showing the total mass of metal on they-axis, and the volume on the x-axis. I found the slope of the line by taking two random points from the graph, performing the slope formula and finding the density. From the table provided, I identified the unknown metal to be silver, b). Determining the density off water/ethanol mixture. Obtained an unknown solution from the instructor. Then recorded the number of the solution. Then rinsed a burette with a little of the ethanol solution, and filled the burette with that same solution. Read the burette level to the nearest 0. Ml. Then weighed an empty Mimi Erlenmeyer flask. Turned the knob Of the burette and put approximately 23. Ml of solution into the flask. I read the burette again, to O_Osmosis and recorded. Next weighed the flask and its contents, by placing the flask on the balance and recording the temperature Of the solution. I then determined the density Of the solution by taking the mass of solution and dividing by the volume of solution. Repeating the procedure twice more using a clean flask and the same balance each time. Calculations: For each of the three trials calculated the density of the solution and determined the mean, average deviation from the mean, percent precision and the range. Then drew a calibration curve from the data given on page 17 of my Laboratory Manual, Discussion: Based on the value of my density, and based on the literature values given on page 16 of my Laboratory Manual, the unknown metal is silver. The density I had obtained trot the slope of the graph was 9. Egg/ml. En compared my density to the chart given, looking for a similar density, The density of my unknown metal was not exact with a particular metal given in the chart, but kept in mind that the density of silver can vary depending of the state it is in, Error Analysis: The possible sources of error in finding the density of the unknown metal and liquid would have to be my consistency throughout the experiment had approximated with my bare eye and was not consistently exact. Therefore, there was an inaccuracy in reading the volume displaced from the graduated cylinder and the Beirut.

Making the case for employee wellbeing in a manufacturing organisation Thesis Proposal

Making the case for employee wellbeing in a manufacturing organisation - Thesis Proposal Example This paper briefly looks into the importance of employee wellness for a large manufacturing organization. In a large manufacturing organization, the employees function like the rings in a chain. As we know, if any one ring goes out of order or damaged in a chain the strength and cohesion of the chain will be lost. Same way in a large manufacturing organization the production processes are linked together. For example consider a tire manufacturing unit which normally may have three divisions; mixing, building and curing. If the mixing people fail to deliver the product in time, tire building will be affected whereas if the building people fail to complete their duties in time curing will be affected. Thus all the employees in a manufacturing unit complement each other in order to attain maximum productivity. â€Å"In situations where pressures to work longer hours are higher, where employees feel overloaded and where managers place stronger demands on personal time, employees are likely to experience greater dissatisfaction with their jobs, higher stress and fatigue, and greater work—life imbalance. (Macky, 2008) Employees under stress or bad health condition may underperform in an organization which will adversely affect an organization especially a big manufacturing organization. If one of the employees deliberately slows down things, it can affect the entire production activities of the unit. So there is nothing wrong in organizations investing heavily for developing or improving the facilities for the workforce at workplaces. Employees should feel a deep relationship with the organization in order to avoid unnecessary absenteeism or taking unnecessary sick leaves. If the employee considers the organization as his own, then he may refrain from activities which negatively affect the organization for which he is working. But in order to develop such deep relationship with the

Research and Referencing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research and Referencing - Assignment Example devices are made of extremely trendy design and size so as to persuade the target customers to purchase the specific brand as compared to competitors within the region of Hawassa. This might prove effective for the mobile phone selling organization to amplify its customer base and loyalty in the market among others. Consumer behaviour is a very important term for the industry players of mobile phone segment in this era as it solves all the queries related to buying such as taste and preference of the customers, price margin, feasible time of purchase, the effective ways followed at the time of purchasing and the specific reasons for purchasing etc. If all the above mentioned queries might be analysed and evaluated by the marketer or the entrepreneur of a mobile phone, then the demand and total sales of the product lines might get increased as compared to their rival players. Certain other factors that influence the buying behaviour of a customer are individual and environmental (Sata, 2013). Among individual factors such as knowledge, perception, personality, attitude, life style etc offers high influence at the time of purchasing. Similarly, environmental factors like social class, culture, family etc also need to be determined at the time of launching or developing a specific mobile phone dev ice. Thus, from the above mentioned points, it might be clearly analysed that the prime factors that affect consumer buying decision are price, social factors, durability, brand name, features of the product and after sales services offered by the

Explain why United States based media conglomerates are so successful Essay

Explain why United States based media conglomerates are so successful on the world media markets - Essay Example Yet, the synthesis between the local and the global in content has become the order of the day as it is successfully adopted and implemented by the United States based media conglomerates. Since media plays a vital role in the cultural lives of millions of people and the fact that media sector is by and large controlled by American interests, there have been arguments in favour of the idea ‘cultural imperialism’. Although the central postulate of cultural imperialism thesis remains valid due to the lopsidedness in the global media market, the so-called cultural imperialism through the American cultural products cannot be seen as one sided as the theorists of cultural imperialism perspective understood it to be. In the light of the recent developments taking place in the media sector, especially the regional media in the developing countries and the changes bought by the new media technologies, this paper intends to examine the case of United States based media conglomerates and their role in what is happening around us. The core concern of the essay is to examine what is remaining relevant with the arguments and concerns regarding American media supremacy and the criticisms provided by the contesting theoretical doctrines from the vantage point of the tremendous transformations occurring with the global media conditions from the very beginning of twenty first century. The term global media denotes the collective of big media players and multinationals working in the integrated global media environment. They spread around the globe and significant share of the national markets and have the ability to pace up the opening up of new markets or even invent emergent markets. However, both global and local media organisations represent the characteristics of each other. Thussu (2007) has asserted that the development of

The school website Essay Example for Free

The school website Essay Cncs: The school website is very basic, although it explains the variety amounts of information for parents and students, for example year 11 students can access there exam timetable on the side of the home page. While parents can browse through the calendar accessible on the website to identify important dates for their children. Varndean: The difference in how the icons are used, for Varndean they used more efficiently as in comparison to Cardinal Newman, the icons are not located down the side of the page but rather just as the top and are put into one icon called â€Å"School†. When there is an organised system to state what type of information hovered over shows can be accessed. On the front page they also show visual aid of the school and how students are taught, assessed and the opinions from students themselves. Logo Cncs: The logo for cardinal Newman links towards the school being catholic, this is shown as the logo is a cross representing a Christian symbol. The cross is very basic as it’s a black cross, which represents the religion that the school follows. Varndean: The design of the logo is 4 dolphins in cooperated into 1 which represents the 4 houses that, the design is very beautiful due to the colours used for each dolphin working well together as a logo. Don’t understand why the logo is a dolphin, I don’t see the link between the logo and the school – no link towards the sea, only connection is the 4 houses Letter Cncs: Letter from cardinal Newman states that’s students enrolled into he school will have to participate must perform in classes in order to gain marks to receive the best results at the end of the academic year, Further down the page, it states if students needed any support through courses, they will have to have a meeting with their teachers stating their problems and ask for extra lessons when needed in order for students to either catch up or cope with lessons. Letter presented formally towards parents of teachers who are concerned for their children coping with their students learning. Shows appropriate language for both student and teachers – understand what needs to be improved and what parents can do to help. Vardean: Language mainly formal in presentation of the letter as its  associated towards parents, however some parts are informal as they are targeted for the students to understand the different activities students can take part in as the who message is about enrichment day for students. It also states in the letter how much the activities will cost while stating the variety of activities students can enjoy. The letter is very easy to read – main points re listed to parents and students. Information’s not piled up onto letter – doesn’t bore reader. School prospectus Cncs: Cardinal Newman’s prospectus is more mature for students and parents, illustrating pictures of the daily lives the school students take part in, creating an idea of who the school is run and what new students will discover. Information laid out and organised – clearing sub =headings for text. The background is white in order for text to be easier to read as writing is size 11. The prospectus has 24 pages, gives more detail about the school. Varndean: prospectus is too childish, the colour scheme for each page is different and there is no consistency in presentation. Different blends of colours makes texts harder to read. Only a few amount of pictures – not enough visual images about the school. Audience students and parents. Parts of the prospectus states what the children who want to eb part of the school will discover when being in the school. Imformation presented in an imfromal way so its understandable for students. They don’t have huge junks of infmation as they get straight to the point.

Comparing Sexuality in Greys Riders of the Purple Sage and Doctorows

Sexuality of the Frontierswoman in Grey's Riders of the Purple Sage and Doctorow's Welcome to Hard Times The presentation of femininity in Doctorow's Welcome to Hard Times is a strong departure from the heroine of Zane Grey's Riders of the Purple Sage. Through the metaphor of the gun as the embodiment of masculinity, both authors closely examine the complexities of the sexualized relationship of a frontierswoman to the men of her society. Doctorow mirrors the tensions present in Grey's novel though Molly acts as an extraordinarily different vision of what the West required of a woman than Jane Withersteen. Both novels reach a sexual climax as the heroine engages the men of her society in a violent action of blood and birth. Though it is a more desolate and harsh portrayal of a woman's station, Doctorow places Molly in a similar situation as the victim of her society to the more traditional Riders of the Purple Sage. While Jane Withersteen is certainly not subjected to violence in the same way that the Bad Man from Bodie raped, beat and nearly killed Molly, Jane is still victimized by her community. Doctorow's portrayal of the conflict is abstracted in ways that Grey's is not. In choosing to call Turner "The Bad Man from Bodie" for the majority of the novel, Doctorow makes him more an abstract notion of violence rather than the more human figure of jealousy Mormon Elder, Tull. However, in spite of the abstractness in Doctorow's characterization, Jane is presented as an outsider in her community and is offered up as a sacrifice to the peace, much in the same way that Blue exhorts Molly to reenter Avery's saloon. From this communal point of victimization, however, Doctorow departs from the gender conventions es... ... Pass. The falling rubble acts as the hymen restored, preserving Jane and Lassiter and Fay inside the womb, inside Eden. Thus, both novels examine the highly sexual tensions between the predominate female figures and the idea of masculinity as encapsulated by the gun, or more abstractly a weapon. Doctorow, though the tensions parallel Grey's, counters the older work on nearly every point, finally culminating in a recognition of the horror that frontier society creates. Much like the action of his novel, Grey retreats into a more idyllic vision of the West. However, he does admit the complexity of the gendered roles in the Western, though not to the extent that Doctorow casts the action in an Oedipal drama. Works Cited Doctorow, E. L. Welcome to Hard Times. New York: Penguin, 1998. Grey, Zane. Riders of the Purple Sage. New York: Penguin, 1990.

New York and Nebraska

In this world no two places can be considered to be same. All the places have a certain amount of distinctness, a certain flavor and a very dominant persona. If we consider two places, New York and Nebraska, there are a lot of similarities and contrasts, as they are the states of a same country, i.e. United States of America. Both the states have discrete histories but have common grounds on the basis of European Settlers. Nebraska became officially part of United States of America only in 1812 after Missouri Treaty bill.   New York on the other hand was dominant by the point of British and it was an important place in terms of the revolution for Independence.Comparisons between New York and NebraskaNew York and Nebraska are both large states of America and have lot of importance to the country. Both the states being large on their own are blessed on natural terms. On the whole the two states have similarities on the basis of its large parks and greenery. Also both the states are b lessed with the amount of voluminous rivers flowing through them. Nebraska and New York have a very good base in agriculture and have large share of their economy dependent on agricultural products. On a religious point of view too, both the states comprising have similarities in terms that both have a maximum population of Christians than any other religions. The states also are very rich in its heritage and culture and the no. of museums both have are outstanding, as both the states have a view of protecting and highlighting their culture.Contrasts between New York and NebraskaFirstly the climate of both the states is very different, and their discreetness is so high that the state of Nebraska has in fact two climates in its region. The state is grossly divided between a humid climate and a steppe climate. Also the effect of Global warming though being everywhere in the world is marginally higher in Nebraska compared to New York. This is assessed by the following:‘Nebraska i s home to an incredible diversity of native wildlife species, including 346 birds, 83 mammals, 87fish, 47 reptiles and 13 amphibians. Rising temperatures in the state will likely change the makeup of entire ecosystems, forcing wildlife to shift their ranges or adapt. Global warming could contribute to a 20-50 percent decline in forested area, particularly in eastern Nebraska, where grasslands and savanna could replace forests and woodlands’.(Courtesy: Myra Wilensky, â€Å"Global warming and Nebraska†. Retrieved on May 4, 2008 from http://www.nwf.org/globalwarming/pdfs/Nebraska.pdf#search=%22%22global%20warming%22%2C%20Nebraska%22)Both the states have a massive difference in the terms of economy as the state of New York is one of the key finance providers of the nation compared to Nebraska. One of the major contrasting feature of the two states politically is Nebraska is a religious Republican follower while the state of New York is avidly a Democratic supporter.Conclus ionBoth the states have their own theories of running the economy and are well blessed with flora and fauna. The comparison between the two states assesses the fact that how much ever two places might be distinct or similar, both of them are unique in their own way.Reference:1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Myra Wilensky, â€Å"Global warming and Nebraska†. http://www.nwf.org/globalwarming/pdfs/Nebraska.pdf#search=%22%22global%20warming%22%2C%20Nebraska%22 New York and Nebraska In this world no two places can be considered to be same. All the places have a certain amount of distinctness, a certain flavor and a very dominant persona. If we consider two places, New York and Nebraska, there are a lot of similarities and contrasts, as they are the states of a same country, i.e. United States of America. Both the states have discrete histories but have common grounds on the basis of European Settlers. Nebraska became officially part of United States of America only in 1812 after Missouri Treaty bill.   New York on the other hand was dominant by the point of British and it was an important place in terms of the revolution for Independence.Comparisons between New York and NebraskaNew York and Nebraska are both large states of America and have lot of importance to the country. Both the states being large on their own are blessed on natural terms. On the whole the two states have similarities on the basis of its large parks and greenery. Also both the states are b lessed with the amount of voluminous rivers flowing through them. Nebraska and New York have a very good base in agriculture and have large share of their economy dependent on agricultural products. On a religious point of view too, both the states comprising have similarities in terms that both have a maximum population of Christians than any other religions. The states also are very rich in its heritage and culture and the no. of museums both have are outstanding, as both the states have a view of protecting and highlighting their culture.Contrasts between New York and NebraskaFirstly the climate of both the states is very different, and their discreetness is so high that the state of Nebraska has in fact two climates in its region. The state is grossly divided between a humid climate and a steppe climate. Also the effect of Global warming though being everywhere in the world is marginally higher in Nebraska compared to New York. This is assessed by the following:‘Nebraska i s home to an incredible diversity of native wildlife species, including 346 birds, 83 mammals, 87fish, 47 reptiles and 13 amphibians. Rising temperatures in the state will likely change the makeup of entire ecosystems, forcing wildlife to shift their ranges or adapt. Global warming could contribute to a 20-50 percent decline in forested area, particularly in eastern Nebraska, where grasslands and savanna could replace forests and woodlands’.(Courtesy: Myra Wilensky, â€Å"Global warming and Nebraska†. Retrieved on May 4, 2008 from http://www.nwf.org/globalwarming/pdfs/Nebraska.pdf#search=%22%22global%20warming%22%2C%20Nebraska%22)Both the states have a massive difference in the terms of economy as the state of New York is one of the key finance providers of the nation compared to Nebraska. One of the major contrasting feature of the two states politically is Nebraska is a religious Republican follower while the state of New York is avidly a Democratic supporter.Conclus ionBoth the states have their own theories of running the economy and are well blessed with flora and fauna. The comparison between the two states assesses the fact that how much ever two places might be distinct or similar, both of them are unique in their own way.Reference:1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Myra Wilensky, â€Å"Global warming and Nebraska†. http://www.nwf.org/globalwarming/pdfs/Nebraska.pdf#search=%22%22global%20warming%22%2C%20Nebraska%22

Essay Teachers and Weapons in School Essay

Abstract In this paper, I will explore the controversial question of whether teachers should be allowed or required to carry weapons on school campuses. The question of whether the topic should be entertained has come up time and again after tragedies occur, the timeline of which will be summarized herein. The recent tragedy at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, that devastated the nation on December 14, 2012, has wrenched this debate crudely back into the spotlight. I will investigate different types of protective instruments that could possibly be used, as well as what types are used in schools that have such regulations. I will delve into the reasoning behind states that have implemented laws that allow teachers to carry guns in school and/or at school events. Included within are excerpts from this writer’s first-person interview conducted with Maria Otero-Ball, a kindergarten teacher in Albuquerque, New Mexico. As a teacher of children the same age as those involved in the Newtown tragedy, Mrs. Otero-Ball offers a first-hand view on the changes that she and the school have made following the tragedy, as well as her views on the practicality of weapons in the school. My goals in preparing this paper are to expand my thoughts on the subject, peruse the thoughts of others, and explore the statistics to provide a better overall understanding of the subject matter to myself and to my readers. During the research process, I found that a compromise on the types of weapons teachers should be allowed to carry would be the best option from my point of view. Keywords: teachers, weapons, school, tragedy, children Screams of terror, cries of anguish, tears of sorrow, heartbreaking agony; the nation bore witness to all of these and more as the first responders struggled to make sense of the scene that unfolded at Sandy Hook Elementary School on that fateful day of December 14th, 2012 in Newtown, Connecticut (Ardillas, 2012). Many families had their hearts torn apart during the rampage of that lone gunman as he unleashed his rage on teachers and young students who were just beginning their life’s journey. Amidst the suffering and the grieving for the departed, the question was once again raised: Should the teachers charged with protecting our children be equipped with weapons to allow them to do so in a scene of horror such as this? But I don’t think the questions should end there. More importantly, would arming teachers be safe for the children and the teachers? Are there other options that may be more appropriate that should be considered? Allowing teachers to carry weapons could go a long way towards making our schools more secure, but realistically non-lethal weapons would be the safer, more manageable solution in making our schools the haven the community deserves them to be. The tragedy at Sandy Hook Elementary, though undeniably one of the most horrendous of its kind and categorically the most recent of such magnitude, is preceded by numerous similar incidents throughout the United States over the years recorded as far back as 1927. On May 18th of this year, a farmer named Andrew Kehoe set off two explosions at Bath Consolidated Schoolhouse in Bath, Michigan, killing himself, six adults and 38 children. In Houston, Texas on September 15th, 1959, convict Paul Orgeron exploded a suitcase of dynamite on a playground at Edgar Allen Poe Elementary killing himself, two adults and three children. On October 5th, 1966, 15-year-old David Black injured another student before killing teacher, Forrest Willey, at Grand Rapids High School in Grand Rapids, Michigan. On November 12th, 1966, in Mesa, Arizona, 18-year-old student, Robert Smith, killed five people at a local beauty college. In Olean, New York, at Olean High School on December 30th, 1974, honors student Anthony Barbaro killed a school janitor and two innocent bystanders and then killed himself while awaiting trial. 16-year-old Stephen Goods was hit and killed by a stray bullet fired during a fight between two schoolmates on March 18th, 1975, at Sumner High School in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1978 on February 22nd, 15-year-old Roger Needham killed another student who had bullied him at Everett High School in Lansing, Michigan. During class on May 18th, 1978, at Murchison Junior High School in Austin, Texas, 13-year-old John Christian shot and killed his English teacher Wilbur Grayson. In San Diego, California, on January 29th, 1979, at Grover Cleveland Elementary, 16-year-old Brenda Spencer opened fire on a school across from her home, killing the principal and janitor. (CNN U. S. , 2012) In the 80’s, violent episodes in schools increased to nearly one incident per year beginning with 17-year-old Pat Lizzotte shooting and  killing her teacher Clarence Piggott during class at Valley High School in Las Vegas, Nevada, on March 19th, 1982. On January 20th, 1983, an unnamed student shot and killed another student before turning the gun on himself. On February 24th, 1984, at 49th Street School in Los Angeles, California, sniper Tyrone Mitchell began firing on children on the playground, killing one, injuring 11 and later taking his own life. In Goddard, Kansas, at Goddard Junior High on January 21st, 1985, 14-year-old James Kearbey shot and killed Principal Jim McGee. David and Doris Young, a couple in their 40’s, took over Cokeville Elementary School with a bomb, holding 150 children and adults hostage and demanding $300 million in ransom in Cokeville, Washington, on May 16th, 1986. The bomb accidentally detonated causing a fire during which 74 people were injured and David Young shot his wife and then himself. The same year on December 6th, 14-year-old Kristofer Hans shot and killed his substitute teacher, Henrietta Smith, at Fergus High School in Lewistown, Montana. In Dekalb, Missouri, at Dekalb High School on March 2nd, 1987, 12-year-old Nathan Faris shot 13-year-old Timothy Perrin and then took his own life. February 11th, 1988, Pinellas Park High School, Largo, Florida; two 15-year-olds with stolen weapons, Jason McCoy and Jason Harless, shot and killed Asst. Principal Richard Allen. At Hubbard Woods Elementary School in Winnetka, Illinois, on May 20th, 1988, 30-year-old Laurie Dann killed an 8-year-old boy and injured six other people before taking her own life. Copying the Winnetka, Illinois murder, 19-year-old James Wilson killed 8-year-olds Tequila Thomas and Shequila Bradley in the school cafeteria of Oakland Elementary School in Greenwood, South Carolina on September 26th, 1988. The worst year for school killings yet, 1988 comes to a close with the fourth incident on December 16th at Atlantic Shores Christian School in Virginia Beach, Virginia, during which 16-year-old Nicholas Elliott shot and killed teacher Karen Farley. Concluding the decade’s violence, a brief month later on January 17th, 1989, 24-year-old drifter Patrick Purdy used an AK-47 to kill five children on a playground at Cleveland Elementary School in Stockton, California before killing himself. (CNN U. S. , 2012) The momentum from the latter part of the 80’s decade did not lose velocity as the 90’s moved forward with a manifold of violent incidents every year succeeding the first episode on November 25th, 1991 at Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn, New York, when 14-year-old Jason. Bently shot a gun during an argument with two other teens, the stray bullet killing a 16-year-old student who was not even involved in the altercation. Thomas Jefferson High School was revisited by the sickness on February 26th, 1992, as 15-year-old Kahlil Sumpter shot and killed two other students. On May 1st, 1992, at Lindhurst High School in Olivehurst, California, 20-year-old dropout Eric Houston returned to school to kill a former teacher and three students. Without ado, 1993 started off with a bang on January 18th when 17-year-old Scott Pennington shot and killed a teacher and a custodian at East Carter High School in Grayson, Kentucky. Three months later on April 12th, 16-year-old Jason Robinson was stabbed to death in his Social Studies class by three teenage attackers at Dartmouth High School in Dartmouth, Massachusetts. Only 3 days had passed when, on April 15th, 44-year-old David Taber invaded Ford Middle School in Acushnet, Massachusetts, taking three hostages and later killing school nurse Carol Day. Pennsburg, Pennsylvania suffered a visit from the beast on May 24th, 1993, as 15-year-old Jason Smith, a student of Upper Perkiomen High School, killed another student who had bullied him. The fifth assault of 1993 ensued on December 21st at Wauwatosa West High School in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin when 21-year-old former student Leonard McDowell returned to his high school killing Asst. Principal Dale Breitlow. February 1994 did not start off well at Valley View Jr. High School in Simi Valley, California; on the 1st day of the month, 13-year-old Philip Hernandez stabbed a 14-year-old student to death in the hallway. April 12th of the same year was no better in Butte, Montana, when 10-year-old Jason Osmanson shot and killed an 11-year-old classmate on the playground. The ominous cloud passed over Wickliffe Middle School in Wickliffe, Ohio, on November 7th, 1994, as 37-year-old drifter Keith Ledeger shot and killed school custodian Peter Christopher and injured three others. On October 12th, 1995, at Blackville-Hilda High School of Blackville, South Carolina, 15-year-old Toby Sincino killed a teacher and then himself. The 15th of November, 1995, 17-year-old Jaime Rouse killed a business teacher and a 16-year-old student at Richland High School in Lynnville, Tennessee. At Winston Education Center in Washington, DC, 14-year-old Damion Blocker encountered two masked gunmen in the stairwell where he was shot and killed by 16-year-old Darrick Evans on January 19th, 1996. In Moses Lake, Washington, at Frontier Jr. High School on February 2nd, 1996, 14-year-old Barry Loukaitis killed two students and a teacher with a rifle. 1997 saw three violent incidents on February 19th in Alaska, October 1st in Mississippi, and December 1st Kentucky with a combined death toll of 8, including a parent, a principal, and six students. Three episodes in 1998 in Arkansas on March 24th, Pennsylvania on April 24th, and Oregon on May 21st claimed the lives of 10 more. Littleton, Colorado was devastated on April 21st, 1999, when 18-year-old Eric Harris and 17-year-old Dylan Klebold murdered 12 students and one teacher before committing suicide in the library of Columbine High School. The final wreckage of 1999 came to pass on November 19th at Deming Middle School in Deming, New Mexico when 12-year-old Victor Cordova shot and killed a 13-year-old classmate. (CNN U. S., 2012). The first scene of 2000 unfurled with the youngest offender to date, a 6-year-old boy, who shot and killed a 6-year-old girl at Buell Elementary in Mt. Morris Township, Michigan on February 29th. On May 26th of the same year in Lake Worth, Florida, 13-year-old Nathaniel Brazill returned to school after being sent home for misbehaving to shoot and kill his teacher, Barry Grunow, at Lake Worth Community Middle School. At Santana High School in Santee, California, on March 5th, 2001, 15-year-old Charles â€Å"Andy† Williams killed two classmates and injured 13. The last upset until 2003 transpired on December 5th, 2001, at Springfield High in Springfield, Massachusetts when troubled teen Corey Ramos stabbed Reverend Theodore Brown, a counselor at the school, to death. 2003 saw two tragedies on April 24th at Red Lion Area Jr. High School in Red Lion, Pennsylvania when 14-year-old James Sheets shot his principal, Eugene Segro, and then himself, and on September 24th in Cold Spring, Minnesota, at Rocori High School, where 15-year-old Jason McLaughlin killed one student and critically injured another who died in October. The sole incident in 2004 struck on February 3rd at Southwood Middle School in Palmetto Bay, Florida, involving 14-year-old Michael Hernandez who slashed the throat of 14-year-old Jaime Rodrigo Gough. 16-year-old Jeff Weise perpetrated a multiple murder in Red Lake, Minnesota, beginning with the murder of his grandfather and another adult followed by killing four fellow students at Red Lake High School, a teacher, a security guard and finally himself on March 21st, 2005. In Jacksboro, Tennessee, Campbell County Comprehensive High School felt the sting of madness on November 8th, 2005, as a 15-year-old student opened fire on a principal and  two assistant principals, killing one and critically wounding another. Three vicious episodes rocked 2006: two dead in a Colorado high school shooting on September 27th, one dead in a high school shooting in Wisconsin on September 29th, and six dead, six wounded in a Pennsylvania Amish school on October 2nd. The singular attack in 2007 befell Henry Foss High School of Tacoma, Washington on January 3rd, culminating with 18-year-old Douglas Chantabouly fatally shooting 17-year-old Samnang Kok. 2008’s lone incident was a shooting at Central High School in Knoxville, Tennessee, leaving one dead. 2009 witnessed three brutalities in rapid succession commencing on September 15th at a Florida high school leaving one fatally stabbed, shadowed on September 23rd at a Texas high school where a teacher was stabbed and killed and the closing fatality on October 16th at a South Carolina high school where a police officer shot and killed a student after the student had stabbed the officer. One confrontation on February 5th, 2010, at an Alabama middle school resulted in a 14-year-old with a fatal shot to the head and a conflict on January 5th, 2011, at a Nebraska high school bringing about the death of a vice principal and the suicide of the shooter. Prior to the Sandy Hook horror in December of 2012, an attack occurred on February 27th at Chardon High School in Chardon, Ohio, killing three and wounding four others (Timeline: School violence in the US, CNN U.S. , 2012). 2013 has already suffered the first school assault at Taft High School in Taft, California leaving one student in a coma and fighting for his life (Simmons, 2012). Following the Newtown tragedy of Sandy Hook, several state lawmakers have begun the process of introducing legislation to allow teachers to bear arms. These states include Florida, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota and Tennessee. Oklahoma State Representative Mark McCullough is quoted as saying: We cannot continue to be shackled by politically correct, reflexive, anti-gun sentiment in the face of the obvious — our schools are soft targets. It is incredibly irresponsible to leave our schools undefended — to allow mad men to kill dozens of innocents when we have a very simple solution available to us to prevent it. I’ve been considering this proposal for a long time. In light of the savagery on display in Connecticut, I believe it’s an idea whose time has come. (Celock, 2012, para. 3) While these states are only beginning their journey to allow teachers to bear arms, there are places where such laws already exist. In Indiana, state law makes schools â€Å"gun-free zones†, but exempts employees or others authorized by a school â€Å"to act as a security guard, perform or participate in a school function, or participate in any other activity authorized by a school† (Wilson, 2012, para. 2). Harrold, a small Texas town, allows teachers and school officials to carry concealed weapons on school grounds. This was unanimously voted upon by the school board in 2007, requiring only that any school employee who plans to carry a weapon obtain first a state concealed-weapons permit, and then be approved by the school board to carry concealed weapons on campus. (Brown, 2012) While allowing teachers to carry guns may seem an obvious solution to many, there are those who favor other approaches to making our schools safer. Maria Otero-Ball is a kindergarten teacher in my hometown of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Being a teacher of five and six year-old students, the Sandy Hook Elementary School tragedy struck a very personal chord with Mrs. Otero-Ball. Following the horrific event, Mrs. Otero-Ball made the changes that she was able to on her own to make her classroom safer; she cleared out her supply closet to enable her to hide students in such an event, put in place a classroom emergency procedure for use in conjunction with the school’s emergency procedure and she now runs a drill at least weekly to ensure her students know what to do in case of an attack such as the one in Newtown, Connecticut. Even so, she knows that these are small changes whose chances of effectiveness are uncertain at best. Mrs. Otero-Ball has another idea that she will be proposing in the next school board meeting. Her idea is for teachers to be issued and trained on non-lethal weapons such as stun guns, tasers, tranquilizer darts, and/or pepper spray. Mrs. Otero-Ball’s stance is, â€Å"I believe that we [the teachers] would have a much better chance of immobilizing a perpetrator if armed with something like this [stun guns, tasers, tranquilizer darts, and/or pepper spray]. † (Interview: Maria Otero-Ball, 2012) Non-lethal weapons are intended to cause pain and/or physically disable an adversary with a minimal risk of serious or permanent injury. The available types of non-lethal weapons include pepper spray, which comes in a compact cylinder and emits a pepper based, oleo resin spray that has the ability to incapacitate an attacker regardless of size and/or strength. Pepper spray is most effective in close range encounters and do not require accurate aim nor much training. Pepper spray is widely used by the general public and would not require legislation  to be allowed in schools. Tasers are one of the more painful non-lethal weapons and work by shooting small electrodes which penetrate the attackers clothing and skin. These electrodes are connected to a wire which conducts a strong electrical current and incapacitates offenders for up to 10 minutes. Tasers are good for distance use and the incapacitation time of the offender would allow time for the victims to take control of the situation, remove themselves to a safer location and contact law enforcement. Stun guns work on the same basic premise as tasers, but are a hand held, close range weapon. Stun guns could be very effective if one was able to surprise the victim from behind and take them down with a shock to the back of the neck. Both tasers and stun guns would require more training for use as well as for safety of the handler. One could expect legislature would be required to allow these in schools and supply sufficient training for the teachers designated for their use. Tranquilizer darts are best known for their use on wildlife such as bears, but can be modified for use on humans by utilizing a smaller dart and lower dosage of sedative, anesthetic or paralytic agent. The drawbacks with the use of tranquilizer guns include a delay between the time the dart connects and the incapacitation of the attacker and a danger of the offender dying if not monitored closely. (Admin: Just be Safe, 2011) Based on the research of the benefits and drawbacks of these non-lethal options, a combination of availability of pepper spray, stun guns and tasers for teachers and training on their use and handling would be most beneficial in a situation involving a single or multiple assailant(s). After being faced with a dreadful scene such as that which was encountered in Newtown at Sandy Hook Elementary School, it may well be the gut reaction of the general public to shout, â€Å"Arm our teachers! † In fact, since I have begun this paper, several more schools have begun legislation, voted to allow teachers to carry concealed weapons and even purchased weapons for the exclusive use of the school. However, if more thought is given to the implications of arming teachers with guns, one must see that this could prove more dangerous than helpful if the gun were to be appropriated by the wrongdoer. Another thought that had not been considered during my research was brought to light by ‘The Ed Show’ on January 10, 2013; many parents do not condone teachers having guns, concealed or otherwise, near their children (The Ed Show, 2013). With proper training on non-lethal weapons such as stun guns, tasers, and pepper spray, teachers would be able to defend our youth without the fear of having to kill or having a murderous weapon wrested from them while attempting to defend those they strive to protect. The facts are painfully evident: 1. Violence in school has escalated over the years and something must be done to protect the students and faculty. 2. The death toll relating to school violence is much too high for comfort. 3. Regulating gun laws will not prevent guns from being in circulation. 4. There are many drawbacks to allowing teachers to have access to guns in schools including fear of the gun falling into the wrong hands, discomfort of the parents knowing there are guns in the schools and what the shooter would have to deal with if they were to kill someone. 5. Conceivably, non-lethal weapons would be the safer, more manageable solution in making our schools the haven the community deserves them to be. In light of all of the evidence, it is apparent that a compromise could be made to keep our schools safe by giving the teachers the tools they need and still keep guns out of our schools, thus satisfying government, parents, teachers, students and families alike. This could be achieved by introducing a comprehensive plan to supply all teachers with pepper spray, select teachers with Tasers and stun guns and providing the training the teachers need to successfully use these defenses during an attack. References: Admin (2011, June 5). Tasers, stun guns & pepper spray: Non-lethal self defense weapons | Just B Safe. Just B Safe. Retrieved December 15, 2012, from http://www. justbsafe. com/? p=84 Aradillas, E. , Baker, K. C. , Billups, A. , Breuer, H. , Dennis, A. , Weisensee Egan, N. , . . . Zuckermann, S. (2012, December). Tragedy in new town: Remember forever. People, 78(27), 52-59. Brown, A. (2012, December 20). Texas town allows teachers to carry concealed guns. Breaking News and Opinion on The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 24, 2012, from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/huff-wires/20121220/us-gun-toting-teachers/? utm_hp_ref=green&ir=green Celock, J. (2012, December 18). Guns for teachers legislation on the rise in states. Breaking News and Opinion on The Huffington Post. Retrieved December 22, 2012, from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2012/12/18/guns-for-teachers_n_2324095. html.